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Judaea {"Iudaea") was a Roman province that extended over Judaea (Palestine). During the 1st century BC Judea lost its autonomy to the Roman Empire by becoming first a client kingdom, then a province of the empire. In AD 6 Judea became part of a larger Roman province, called Iudaea, which was formed by combining Judea, Samaria, and Idumea. It did not include Galilee, Gaulanitis (the Golan), nor Peraea or the Decapolis. The capital was at Caesarea. Quirinius became Legate (Governor) of Syria and conducted the first Roman tax census of Iudaea, which was opposed by the Zealots. Between 41 and 44 Iudaea regained its nominal autonomy, when Herod Agrippa was made "King of the Jews" by the emperor Claudius. Following Agrippa's death, the province returned to direct Roman control for a short period.

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